Feedforward: 10 Reasons to Try It Over Feedback

Unlike feedback, feedforward shifts the attention from the past to future possibilities – making it the superior option for behavior change.

Giving and receiving feedback has long been recognized as essential for individual and collective success. Traditionally, communication (especially in a team setting) primarily took the form of “downward feedback,” originating from top-level management. Recently, with the rise of the 360-degree assessment model came a rise in prominence of the “bottom-up” (or upward feedback) practice.

Nevertheless, whether top-down or bottom-up, the conventional feedback approach suffers from a fundamental limitation: an excessive focus on past events and historical assessments – which often causes us to overlook opportunities in the future. This has given rise to the development of a new paradigm called “feedforward.”

Highlights

• Traditional feedback, with its inherent focus on past events, often induces defensiveness, criticisms, and negative behaviors. Feedforward, on the other hand, emphasizes future growth by offering solutions and guidance for improvement.
• Due to key advantages such as objectivity, positivity, and efficiency, feedforward is the superior choice when it comes to input exchange and performance assessment.
• To give effective feedforward, one needs to focus on future improvements without discussing the past, listen objectively without judgment, and acknowledge all contributions with gratitude.

What is Feedforward?

The concept of “feedforward” was originally introduced by Dr. Marshall Goldsmith – renowned executive coach and leadership development expert. In the traditional feedback process, people typically receive evaluations from their superiors – who will assess their current capabilities and highlight both past accomplishments and areas that require improvement.

In contrast, the feedforward approach replaces the conventional positive-negative assessment with a set of proposed solutions. In other words, it places a primary emphasis on future growth – rather than dwelling on the past.

For instance, instead of reiterating customer service issues (feedback), the management provides guidance to their direct reports on how to handle complaints more professionally in the future (feedforward).

• Feedback: “You mishandled that customer’s complaint earlier. You sounded impatient and dismissive.”
• Feedforward: “Let’s work on improving how we handle complaints. In the future, when a customer expresses frustration, try to listen to their concerns, empathize with their situation, and provide solutions calmly and politely. This will help enhance our customer service and build stronger relationships with our clients. Sounds good?”

The Problems of Feedback Compared to Feedforward

Feedback in the form of grades is the ultimate restraint: The grade can’t be changed, the lesson can’t be relearned, and numbers and letters don’t spell out a way forward.

Joe Hirsch

Traditional feedback often places a strong emphasis on past events. As a result, it suffers from 3 major drawbacks:

• Inducing tension & defensiveness

When people receive negative input concerning aspects beyond their control/ ability to change, it triggers the release of cortisol – the stress hormone – in the brain. This physiological response activates the perception of threat, causing them to experience a heightened level of anxiety and adopt a defensive stance.

As noted by Hirsch, when that happens, key cognitive functions responsible for decision-making and logical reasoning may enter a state of paralysis, impeding thoughtful and prudent action, 

• Leaning toward criticism

Traditional feedback predominantly revolves around scrutinizing past performance – often at the expense of future development strategies. When adhering strictly to a set of agreed standards – without taking into consideration personal differences, we veer ourselves away from the primary purpose of feedback: to foster positive, long-term growth.

• Reinforcing negative behaviors

Being confronted with mistakes beyond one’s capacity to rectify often results in a sense of powerlessness. Rather than being motivated to improve themselves, people may be prone to believe that similar issues will recur in the future. Such a negative self-perception is among the reasons why we fail to keep up with our aspirations for personal growth.

Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated that feedback, despite its perceived effectiveness, frequently falls short of expectations. For instance, a poll by Gallup found that only 26% of employees perceive feedback from their superiors as conducive to enhancing their productivity.

Feedforward vs Feedback

Source: Cult of Pedagogy

Marshall Goldsmith’s 5-Step Feedforward Model

Over the years, Dr. Marshall Goldsmith has observed more than 30,000 leaders engaging in a captivating experiential exercise – in which participants are required to assume two different roles:

• To engage in “feedforward” – providing constructive suggestions and as much assistance as possible to others.
• To actively listen to people’s input concerning their future development, and try to acquire as much information as possible.

This exercise typically takes 10-15 minutes, during which an average participant may engage in approximately 6-7 dialogue sessions. First, they have to complete the 5 steps listed below.

1. Identify a behavior they sought to modify or adopt, one that would notably enhance their life in a positive manner (e.g. becoming a better listener)
2. Talk about this behavior to randomly selected participants in one-on-one discussions.
3. Solicit “feedforward” by requesting two suggestions for improvement concerning that specific behavior. Notably, participants are prohibited from offering any input regarding past actions; they must solely focus on discussing ideas for the future.
4. Listen attentively to the other person’s suggestions and take notes of them. DO NOT make any comments – whether critical or commendatory – regarding these comments.
5. Express appreciation to fellow participants for their input.

When everyone is finished, it’s time to proceed as follows:

1. Inquire about others’ desired areas of improvement.
2. Provide two constructive suggestions to assist the other person in their pursuit of change.
3. Acknowledge and respond to the other person’s expressions of gratitude. The entire process of offering and receiving feedforward typically lasts approximately two minutes.
4. Identify another partner and repeat the aforementioned process – until time’s up.

Upon concluding the exercise, participants are invited to select a single word encapsulating how they feel regarding the overall experience.

Most of the time, the majority of responses are positive – including words such as “excellent,” “inspiring,” and “beneficial.”

Read more: 20 Bad Habits in Life that Prevent Long-term Success

10 Reasons to Try Feedforward Over Feedback

According to Dr. Goldsmith, feedforward is ultimately the superior option compared to conventional feedback – due to the following reasons:

1. Future-oriented

The past is the past; nothing about it can be changed. While we can learn a lot from it, there’s no point in dwelling too much on what has already happened. That’s where feedforward comes in – it shifts our attention toward the future, where possibilities await, thereby enabling us to adopt a more positive outlook.

The practice of providing feedforward is highly relevant in fields such as athletic training. For instance, high-speed racers are consistently instructed to:

Focus on the road, not the wall.

Similarly, basketball players are coached to mentally trace the trajectory of the ball and visualize the perfect shot. Encouraging people to contemplate opportunities – rather than challenges – fosters self-assurance, positivity, and preparedness for achieving success.

2. Growth focused

Feedforward prioritizes facilitating people’s personal growth over assessing mistakes – making it a much more impactful approach to guide others toward the “right” path.

As previously mentioned, feedback that excessively pinpoints errors triggers defensiveness and causes both parties to suffer from negative emotional reactions (hence diminishing overall effectiveness). No matter how constructive an input is, the result is the same. As such, one should always strive to discuss solutions that can be implemented right away.

What’s great about feedforward is that the whole focus is on helping each other – NOT judging each other.

Marshall Goldsmith

3. Working great for high achievers

Successful people are known for their strong sense of self – they are generally more receptive to ideas that align with their goals, rather than those that drive them away from such aspirations. Feedforward, as a constructive approach, resonates really well with these individuals.

We all have the tendency to embrace ideas that align with our self-perception – while dismissing anything that contradicts it. Consequently, feedforward stands out as a particularly fitting method of communication when it comes to giving and exchanging input.

Read more: The Excessive Need to Be Me – When the Ego Takes Over

4. Applicable for everyone

Unlike traditional feedback, feedforward does not require one to have previous experiences with the individual being assessed. Therefore, one doesn’t need to consult with people who are in their close network and can instead seek input from diverse sources – which enables them to benefit from potentially unexpected insights.

Here is an example. Let’s say you would like to improve your listening skills. In that case, virtually any leader is capable of providing guidance based on their own experiences – without the need for them to get to know you first.

Just like coaching, feedforward does not require us to have a deep knowledge of the person – or that we need to be better/ superior to them.

5. More objective

Theoretically, feedback should only center on accomplishments rather than the individual themselves. That said, it is often not the case in the real world, where people frequently hand out highly sensitive comments to others.

Our sense of personal identity is closely correlated with our own achievements – this is particularly true among those who have achieved a certain level of success in life. Thus, it is very challenging for one to share entirely objective input with such people.

That is where feedforward comes in – its focus is exclusively on future-oriented discussions, completely free from subjective commentaries. As such, communication is typically very objective, and the risk of one’s comments being perceived as a personal attack is extremely low.

6. Emphasizing the potential for change

One compelling benefit of feedforward lies in its emphasis on the potential for positive change – rather than revisiting past failures. This forward-looking perspective is key to empowering people to unlock their capabilities and strive for improvement.

Negative feedback often precipitates a descent into a quagmire of pessimistic thinking – such as: “That’s all I can do.” In contrast, feedforward stems from the assumption that everyone possesses the capacity for positive transformation.

7. Encouraging positivity

Let’s say you’ve just delivered a presentation that didn’t quite meet the expectations in front of the board of directors. Rather than criticizing your performance, the manager opts to provide input on how to enhance the structural coherence of your future presentations.

Can you see the differences in terms of impact?

Even though the problem is still there, the manager has made it easier for you to internalize his messages – by talking about things in a positive light. Now you have the motivation to move forward and improve yourself, rather than feeling uncomfortable with your mistake!

8. More efficient

Imagine you are presenting in a meeting like this:

“Here are four ideas for the future. I encourage everyone to approach them with the utmost positivity. If you find two of them aligning with your vision, please focus on those two and disregard the rest.”

In doing so, you essentially eliminate the need for time-consuming idea evaluation. Without the need to judge others, the meeting atmosphere suddenly becomes much more positive for everyone involved.

That is what happens when we practice feedforward. Not only encouraging a forward-thinking approach, it also helps eliminate the time-consuming process of assessing ideas – thereby fostering a positive environment for idea exchange.

9. Supporting team building

Feedforward does not position us as an “expert” who is here to judge – rather, we are a “companion” who is trying to help others. As a result, people are much more inclined to engage in open conversations – which are essential to facilitating the development of more harmonious and efficient teams.

10. Enhancing listening skills

Practicing feedforward makes us become better listeners – it shifts the focus from reacting to receiving. Instead of trying to formulate a well-reasoned response in mind while others are still speaking, we now focus on absorbing and learning from their sharing.

Read more: Not Listening – The Silent Killer of Relationships and Success

How to Give & Receive Feedforward in Communication

• No discussion about the past. Feedforward is about envisioning and working toward future successes – as such, it’s important to emphasize potential improvements and encourage forward momentum.
• Listen objectively. Both parties should adopt a non-defensive stance – i.e. being open to suggestions without immediately becoming protective or resistant.
• Don’t judge or critique ideas. One of the key principles of feedforward is to abstain from passing judgment. Instead, we need to treat all comments as worth the consideration, regardless of their ultimate applicability.
• Give people recognition for what they say. Just as you would express gratitude for a thoughtful gift someone else gives you, remember that everyone’s idea is a valuable contribution to personal and collective growth. Treat them like a gift – and say “thank you”. You don’t have to use it; just listen, and thank people for that gift.

Read more: Not Saying Thank You – Why We Fail to Express Gratitude

Feedforward Quotes

Check out a full list of feedback quotes here!

Final Thoughts

Given the complexities of interpersonal relationships these days, it is crucial that one adopts a future-oriented mindset rather than being obsessed with what has happened. In light of this truth, we need to adopt the practice of feedforward when it comes to input exchange – and shift the focus from past shortcomings to future possibilities.

Other resources you may be interested in:

• Understanding Others: A Cornerstone of Social Intelligence
• Adding Too Much Value: Is More Always Better?
• Asking for Help: The Power That Comes From Vulnerability
• Skill Development: A Guide to Future-Proofing Yourself